Yes, it is illegal to kill a cardinal in the United States. The northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) is protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) of 1918, which makes it unlawful to pursue, hunt, take, capture, kill, or sell migratory birds listed in the statute without appropriate permits.
Legal Protections Under the MBTA
The MBTA was enacted to implement international treaties aimed at the conservation of migratory birds between the U.S. and countries such as Canada, Mexico, Japan, and Russia. The Act covers over 1,000 bird species, including the northern cardinal, and prohibits activities such as killing, capturing, selling, trading, and transporting these birds without prior authorization from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS).
Penalties for Violations
Violating the MBTA can result in significant penalties. Individuals may face fines up to $5,000 and imprisonment for up to six months for misdemeanor offenses. Felony violations can lead to fines up to $250,000 and imprisonment for up to two years. Organizations found in violation may incur fines up to $10,000 for misdemeanors and up to $500,000 for felonies.
Recent Developments
In recent years, there have been discussions and legal interpretations regarding the scope of the MBTA, particularly concerning “incidental take”—unintentional harm or killing of protected birds. However, the protections for species like the northern cardinal remain intact, and intentional harm or killing without a permit continues to be prohibited.
Conservation Status of the Northern Cardinal
The northern cardinal is a common and widespread species across the eastern and central United States. Its vibrant plumage and distinctive song make it a favorite among bird watchers. Despite its abundance, the species benefits from the protections afforded by the MBTA, which help maintain its populations by preventing unregulated hunting and trade.
Conclusion
Killing a northern cardinal without proper authorization is illegal under the MBTA. These protections are crucial for the conservation of migratory bird species and maintaining ecological balance. Individuals are encouraged to appreciate these birds in their natural habitats and adhere to wildlife protection laws.
Related FAQs
Q1. Can I keep a northern cardinal as a pet?
Ans: No, keeping a northern cardinal as a pet is illegal under the MBTA, which prohibits the possession of migratory birds without a permit.
Q2. Are there any exceptions to the prohibition on killing cardinals?
Ans: Exceptions are typically limited to permitted activities for scientific, educational, or conservation purposes. Permits are issued by the USFWS under strict guidelines.
Q3. What should I do if I find an injured cardinal?
Ans: Contact a licensed wildlife rehabilitator or your local USFWS office for guidance on how to proceed.
Q4. Are all songbirds protected under the MBTA?
Ans: Most native songbirds in the U.S., including the northern cardinal, are protected under the MBTA. However, some species may have different levels of protection based on additional state laws or conservation statuses.
Q5. How can I legally observe or interact with cardinals?
Ans: Engaging in bird watching, photography, and providing bird feeders are legal and encouraged ways to enjoy cardinals. Ensure that any interaction does not disturb their natural behaviors or habitats.
