No, it is not illegal to kill starlings in the United States. Unlike most native birds, European starlings are not protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) because they are non-native and considered invasive. This exemption makes it legal to control their populations through various methods.
Legal Status of Starlings
The MBTA, enacted in 1918, protects migratory bird species that are native to the U.S. European starlings, introduced in the 1800s, are explicitly excluded from these protections because of their invasive status. They have since become one of the most common and problematic bird species in North America.
Starlings are notorious for their aggressive behavior, outcompeting native bird species for nesting sites and food. They also cause significant agricultural damage, including the destruction of crops and contamination of livestock feed. Because of these issues, federal and state authorities generally encourage their control.
Control Methods for Starlings
While killing starlings is legal, it must be done in a humane and lawful manner. Below are common methods of controlling starling populations:
1. Trapping:
Starlings can be legally trapped and euthanized. Commonly used traps include funnel traps and baited decoy traps. State-specific regulations may govern the use of traps, so it’s important to consult local wildlife agencies.
2. Shooting:
In rural areas, shooting starlings is a widely used method, especially near agricultural fields. A hunting license may be required depending on local laws. Additionally, shooting is generally prohibited within city limits or densely populated areas for safety reasons.
3. Exclusion:
Non-lethal methods like netting and bird spikes can prevent starlings from roosting in unwanted areas. These measures are often used in urban settings where lethal methods may not be practical.
4. Chemical Controls:
Some areas allow the use of avicides (chemical agents toxic to birds) to manage large starling populations. However, these substances must be used in strict compliance with federal and state regulations.
Ecological and Ethical Considerations
Although starlings are invasive, their control should be conducted responsibly. Killing starlings indiscriminately can lead to unnecessary suffering and ethical concerns. When employing lethal methods, humane practices should always be prioritized. Non-lethal methods like exclusion and habitat modification can also be effective in reducing conflicts.
Penalties for Improper Control
While it is legal to kill starlings, improper control methods that violate state or local ordinances can result in penalties. For example:
- Using firearms in prohibited areas may result in fines.
- Failing to dispose of dead birds properly could violate health and safety codes.
- Using unregistered chemicals or pesticides could lead to penalties from environmental agencies.
Always check with local wildlife authorities to ensure compliance with relevant laws.
Conclusion
Killing starlings is legal in the U.S. due to their invasive status and exclusion from the MBTA. However, responsible and humane practices are essential when managing their populations. Employing a combination of lethal and non-lethal methods, and adhering to local regulations, can effectively address the challenges posed by these birds while minimizing ecological and ethical concerns.
Related FAQs
Q1. Why are starlings not protected under the MBTA?
Ans: Starlings are non-native and invasive species introduced to the U.S. They are not included in the MBTA because the Act only protects native migratory birds.
Q2. Do I need a permit to kill starlings?
Ans: In most cases, no permit is required to kill starlings. However, local firearm or pest control regulations may apply.
Q3. Can I use poison to kill starlings?
Ans: The use of poisons or avicides is regulated and must comply with federal and state laws. Check with local wildlife authorities before using chemical controls.
Q4. Are there any ethical concerns with killing starlings?
Ans: Yes, while starlings are invasive, their control should be conducted humanely. Non-lethal methods can also reduce conflicts effectively.
Q5. How can I prevent starlings from nesting on my property?
Ans: Install bird spikes, use netting, and seal off potential nesting sites to deter starlings from settling on your property.